Java Best Practices

Code Organization

Package Structure

com.example.project/
├── model/
├── service/
├── repository/
└── util/

Naming Conventions

• Classes: PascalCase (e.g., StudentService)
• Methods: camelCase (e.g., calculateTotal)
• Constants: UPPER_SNAKE_CASE (e.g., MAX_VALUE)

Error Handling

Best Practices

1. Use specific exceptions
2. Always close resources
3. Log exceptions properly

try (FileReader fr = new FileReader(file)) {
    // File operations
} catch (IOException e) {
    logger.error("Failed to read file: " + e.getMessage());
    throw new ServiceException("File processing failed", e);
}

Performance

Memory Management

• Use StringBuilder for string concatenation
• Avoid creating unnecessary objects
• Use proper collection types

Concurrency

• Use thread-safe collections when needed
• Implement proper synchronization
• Avoid deadlocks

Testing

Unit Tests

@Test
void testCalculator() {
    Calculator calc = new Calculator();
    assertEquals(4, calc.add(2, 2));
    assertEquals(0, calc.subtract(2, 2));
}

Integration Tests

• Test component interactions
• Use proper test data
• Mock external dependencies